One is that free is just some utility on the container, vs working set are (if we trust cadvisor doing it well) is what cgroup is showing from . Dropping high-cardinality "unimportant" metrics. So when our pod was hitting its 30Gi memory limit, we decided to dive into it to understand how memory is allocated . When average node CPU utilization is greater than 80%: Daily Data Cap Breach: When data cap is breached: . format: percent. But when I make kubectl top pod I saw the same value container_memory_working_set_bytes {pod=~ "<pod name>" ,container=~ "<container name>" } / 1024 / 1024. These performance log events use a structured JSON schema that enables high-cardinality data to be ingested and stored at scale. usage_in_bytes: For efficiency, as other kernel components, memory cgroup uses some optimization to avoid unnecessary cacheline false sharing. On the one hand, it may make unanticipated excess memory usage obvious early ("fail fast"); on the other hand it also terminates processes abruptly. usage_in_bytes is affected by the method and doesn't show 'exact' value of memory (and swap) usage, it's a fuzz value for efficient access. This guide has purposefully avoided making statements about which metrics are . As a result it is important to understand how the aforementioned container metrics are involved in OOMKill decision. Working set is <= "usage . Setting a limit has the effect of immediately killing a container process if the combined memory usage of all processes in the container exceeds the limit, and is therefore a mixed blessing. container_memory_working_set_bytes是容器真实使用的内存量，也是limit限制时的 oom 判断依据. Even "container_memory_working_set_bytes" is not exactly 1:1 to `Total - Available` for node `free -h` as there are so many caches that kernel uses memory for, that there will be some differences. Reported are the amount of heap memory allocated by the . Used to determine the usage of cores in a container where many applications might be using one core. Usage and working set tracking When files are mapped (mmap) they are loaded into the page cache, so it would be double counting to include it. 43. 3. At Coveo, we use Prometheus 2 for collecting all of our monitoring metrics. Prometheus is known for being able to handle millions of time series with only a few resources. This guide describes three methods for reducing Grafana Cloud metrics usage when shipping metric from Kubernetes clusters: Deduplicating metrics sent from HA Prometheus deployments. Hello! This metric is derived from prometheus metric 'container_spec_memory_limit_bytes'. Pod CPU usage down to 500m. The pod uses 700m and is throttled by 300m which sums up to the 1000m it tries to use. Can anypony explain how to get from 681MiB to 5GB with the following data (or describe how to make up the . Pods will be CPU throttled when they exceed their CPU limit. Set Maximum Memory Access. If free memory in the computer is above a threshold, pages are left in the Working Set of a process even if they are not in use. This bug has affected me for 2 years. 以上两篇文章有解释为什么用 container_memory_working_set_bytes， 而不用 container_memory_usage_bytes。 container_memory_usage_bytes包含了cache，如filesystem cache，当存在mem pressure的时候能够被回收。 container_memory_working_set_bytes 更能体现出mem usage，oom killer也是根据container_memory_working . The working set of a process is the set of pages in the virtual address space of the process that are currently resident in physical memory. kubernetes.pod.memory.usage.limit.pct. However, the container_memory_working_set_bytes metric excludes cached data and is what Kubernetes uses for OOM/scheduling decisions, making it a better metric for monitoring/alerting memory saturation. Memory can be set with Ti, Gi, Mi, or Ki units. Monitor pod level CPU usage vs limit and Memory usage vs limit cpuUsagePercentage: Aggregated average CPU utilization measured in percentage across the cluster. If you run this query in Prometheus: container_memory_working_set_bytes {pod_name=~"<pod-name>", container_name=~"<container-name>", container_name!="POD"} you will get value in bytes that almost matches the output of kubectl top pods. If the Container continues to consume memory beyond its limit . As the working set size increases, memory demand increases. Bug 1874116 - Console displays "working_set_bytes" for "memory use for pods" but this value does not include RSS. When average working set memory usage per container is greater than 95%. Monitoring cAdvisor with Prometheus cAdvisor exposes container and hardware statistics as Prometheus metrics out of the box. The containers themselves are creared on the stack. memoryWorkingSetBytes Usage above limits. Inside the container, RSS is saying more like 681MiB. kubernetes.container.memory.usage.bytes. -m Or --memory: Set the memory usage limit, such as 100M, 2G. --memory-swap: Set the usage limit of . My understanding is you are correct that it is a subset of the cache. container_memory_working_set_bytes (as already mentioned by Olesya) is the total usage - inactive file. usage_in_bytes is affected by the method and doesn't show 'exact' value of memory (and swap) usage, it's a fuzz value for efficient access. My understanding is you are correct that it is a subset of the cache. Good to have it though since it can be useful to count and . usage_in_bytes: For efficiency, as other kernel components, memory cgroup uses some optimization to avoid unnecessary cacheline false sharing. Therefore, Working set is (lesser than or equal to) </= "usage". If a Container allocates more memory than its limit, the Container becomes a candidate for termination. If a Container allocates more memory than its limit, the Container becomes a candidate for termination. To calculate container memory utilization we use: sum (container_memory_working_set_bytes{name!~"POD"}) by (name) In the above query, we need to exclude the container who's name contains "POD". The memory usage pattern should be quite clear by then. CPU requests are set in cpu units where 1000 millicpu ("m") equals 1 vCPU or 1 Core. cAdvisor exposes Prometheus metrics out of the box.In this guide, we will: create a local multi-container Docker Compose installation that includes containers running Prometheus, cAdvisor, and a Redis server, respectively; examine some container metrics produced by the Redis . WorkingSet uint64 `json . Memory usage as a percentage of the defined limit for the pod containers (or total node allocatable memory if unlimited) type: scaled_float. gauge. container_memory_usage_bytes == container_memory_rss + container_memory_cache + container_memory_kernel. memoryRssBytes: Container RSS memory used in bytes. However, keep in mind that container_memory_working_set_bytes (WSS) is not perfect either. The Working Set is the current size, in bytes, of the . Memory usage as a percentage of the defined limit for the pod containers (or total node allocatable memory if unlimited) type: scaled_float. In prometheus expression browser, you can get the same value as kubectl top: Copy. The shared data includes pages that contain all instructions your application executes, including those in your DLLs and the system DLLs. Exceed a Container's memory limit. Here only the old version of metrics are listed. Because of the limits we see throttling going on (red). Working Set equals 'memory used - total_inactive_file', see the code here. container_memory_working_set_bytes metric is monitored for OOMKill . This metric is derived from prometheus metric 'container_memory_working_set_bytes'. A working set is not reserved for a single process. Some metircs are slightly different in different version of Prometheus. Keeping "important" metrics. . 看看Prom alert是从何处取得 container/pod memory 数据的 . If the Container continues to consume memory beyond its limit . It can span multiple Kubernetes clusters under the same monitoring umbrella. Exceed a Container's memory limit. The system has 16GB of physical memory. When free memory falls below a threshold, pages are trimmed from Working Sets. I constantly have to run bigger nodes because of this. percent. It is designed to supersede the DVD format, and capable of storing several hours of high-definition video (HDTV 720p and 1080p).The main application of Blu-ray is as a medium for video material such as feature films and for the physical distribution of video games for the PlayStation 3, PlayStation . Average CPU % Calculates average CPU used per node. Good to have it though since it can be useful to count and . When average node CPU utilization is greater than 80%: Daily Data Cap Breach: When data cap is breached: . The value pointed out as "Mem usage" is actually the size of a processes working set. Average CPU % Calculates average CPU used per node. # pod, container are the label name, depends on your case. What is really weird it appears that not setting a limit causes container_memory_working_set_bytes to report memory with out cache usage, but setting a limit makes it include cached memory. Memory usage discrepancy: cgroup memory.usage_in_bytes vs. RSS inside docker container. kubernetes.container.name. In this guide you'll configure Prometheus to drop any metrics not referenced in the Kube-Prometheus stack's dashboards. we must begin with the virtual . // Units: Bytes. Note: If I switch to Linux containers on Windows 10 and do a "docker container run -it debian bash", I see 4GB of . Running this in minikube with memory requests and limits both set to 128MB we see that both container_memory_usage_bytes and container_memory_working_set_bytes track almost 1:1 with each other. なんか、それっぽくなってきましたね。 Grafana. The better metric is container_memory_working_set_bytes as this is what the OOM killer is watching for. 100*(sum(container_memory_usage_bytes{container!=""}) by (node)/sum (kube_node_status_allocatable_memory_bytes) by (node)) Note: If the workloads are unevenly distributed within the cluster, and some balancing work should be done to allow effective use of the full cluster capacity. I'm guessing the lightweight VM is only being given 1GB. Only core query calculation is listed, sum by different entities are not show in this list.. This value is collected by cAdvisor. Total memory usage. Container Memory Limit(MB) Memory limit for the container in MegaBytes. Alternatively, you can use the shortcut -m. Within the command, specify how much memory you want to dedicate to that specific container. When files are mapped (mmap) they are loaded into the page cache, so it would be double counting to include it. Kubernetes container name. The container_memory_usage_bytes metric isn't an accurate indicator for out of memory (OOM) prevention as it includes cached data (i.e., filesystem) that can evict in memory pressure scenarios. When analyzing the memory performance of a process using a tool like Process Explorer (or - with Windows Vista or 7 - changing the displayed columns in the task manager; see link below how this can be done . format: percent. Metrics data is collected as performance log events using the embedded metric format. A Container can exceed its memory request if the Node has memory available. This endpoint may be customized by setting the -prometheus_endpoint and -disable_metrics or -enable_metrics command-line flags. memoryRssPercentage: Container RSS memory used in percent. emptyDir does not work, have not tried hostPath. The working set contains only pageable memory allocations; nonpageable memory allocations such as Address Windowing Extensions (AWE) or large page allocations are not included in the . Prometheus - Investigation on high memory consumption. When average working set memory usage per container is greater than 95%. To limit the maximum amount of memory usage for a container, add the --memory option to the docker run command. It is worth mentioning that if you are using resource limits on your pods, then you need to monitor both of them to prevent your pods from being oom-killed. 1. vmmap.exe -p myapp output.csv. If 'container_memory_rss' increased to. { "__inputs": [ { "name": "DS_TEST-ENVIORMENT-K8S", "label": Kubernetes adoption has . This bug has affected me for 2 years. It is an estimate of how much memory cannot be evicted: // The amount of working set memory, this includes recently accessed memory, // dirty memory, and kernel memory. cAdvisor (short for container Advisor) analyzes and exposes resource usage and performance data from running containers. To store the elements, the containers will need to use heap memory. But a Container is not allowed to use more than its memory limit. This is because it literally takes the fuzzy, not exact container_memory_usage_bytes and subtracts the value from total_inactive_file counter which is a number of bytes of file-backed memory on the inactive LRU list.. # Threshold for persistent volume usage bytes, metric will be sent only when persistent volume utilization . Working set is <= "usage". By default, Kube Prometheus will scrape almost every available endpoint in your cluster, shipping tens of thousands (possibly hundreds of thousands) of active series to Grafana . On the one hand, it may make unanticipated excess memory usage obvious early ("fail fast"); on the other hand it also terminates processes abruptly. I constantly have to run bigger nodes because of this. In this article. What include in metric container_memory_working_set_bytes?As I know this metric usage by OOM-killer, but I don't know how to count it. And as I understand, the Virtual bytes are bytes allocated in virtual memory (using VirtualAlloc etc) and private bytes are bytes allocated in local . The Blu-ray Disc (BD), often known simply as Blu-ray, is a digital optical disc storage format. It does include all stack and heap memory. The command should follow the syntax: kubernetes.pod.memory.usage.limit.pct. 以上两篇文章有解释为什么用 container_memory_working_set_bytes， 而不用 container_memory_usage_bytes。 container_memory_usage_bytes包含了cache，如filesystem cache，当存在mem pressure的时候能够被回收。 container_memory_working_set_bytes 更能体现出mem usage，oom killer也是根据container_memory_working . This metric is . The kubectl top command specifically uses the container_memory_working_set_bytes metric: Working Set Memory. "Kubernetes" (v1.10.2) says that my pod (which contains one container) is using about 5GB memory. Summary: Console displays "working_set_bytes" for "memory use for pods" but this value . 2. 1. So 250m CPU equals ¼ of a CPU. But a Container is not allowed to use more than its memory limit. As you can see from the table above, the memory footprint for the sidecar (running openjdk 8) alone is 4-5 times bigger than the node-app . The Working Set is the set of memory pages touched recently by the threads in the process. Docker uses the following two sets of parameters to control the amount of container memory used. 2. container_memory_usage_bytes. Container_memory_working_set_bytes: From the cAdvisor code, the working set memory is defined as: The amount of working set memory and it includes recently accessed memory,dirty memory, and kernel memory. If they are needed they will then be soft . gauge. A Container can exceed its memory request if the Node has memory available. What is really weird it appears that not setting a limit causes container_memory_working_set_bytes to report memory with out cache usage, but setting a limit makes it include cached memory. 以上两篇文章有解释为什么用 container_memory_working_set_bytes， 而不用 container_memory_usage_bytes。 container_memory_usage_bytes包含了cache，如filesystem cache，当存在mem pressure的时候能够被回收。 container_memory_working_set_bytes 更能体现出mem usage，oom killer也是根据container_memory_working . byte. The system has 16GB of memory. The amount of Working Set memory includes recently accessed memory, dirty memory, and kernel memory. None Product: OpenShift Container Platform Classification: Red Hat Component: Node Sub Component: Version: 4.5 . Listed is the TSCO metrics mapping to Prometheus API queries.Not include derived metrics. emptyDir does not work, have not tried hostPath. Pod tries to use 1 CPU but is throttled. Hi @rrichardson; thanks for the issue!I'd be surprised if node_exporter is exporting container_* metrics, but cadvisor (embedded in the kubelet) exports metrics in a hierarchical fashion - and hence if we aggregate lower levels of the hierarchy with upper levels, we can get doubling. . The number of elements in the containers ( n) is increased exponentially from 0 (empty) to 512 in the tests. Reducing your Prometheus active series usage. armed with these tools, let's get to business and try to characterize the various kinds of memory usage in windows processes. Container Memory Swap Limit(MB) Memory swap limit for the container in MegaBytes. Introduction Amazon CloudWatch Container Insights helps customers collect, aggregate, and summarize metrics and logs from containerized applications and microservices. container_memory_working_set_bytes (as already mentioned by Olesya) is the total usage - inactive file. Setting a limit has the effect of immediately killing a container process if the combined memory usage of all processes in the container exceeds the limit, and is therefore a mixed blessing. ここで、最後にGrafanaでdashboardを作成してみましょう。 左の+ボタンからDashboardを選択します。 そうしたらAdd Queryを選択します。 先ほど使用したcontainer_memory_usage_bytesを使ってみます。 It is an estimate of how much memory cannot be evicted: // The amount of working set memory, this includes recently accessed memory, // dirty memory, and kernel memory. From the graphics it can be seen that with an ever increasing container_memory_usage_bytes, it is not easy to determine a memory limit for this deployment. # Threshold for persistent volume usage bytes, metric will be sent only when persistent volume utilization . (gauge) {Perf} — container's working set memory usage in bytes. cadvisor 中的 container_memory_usage_bytes对应 cgroup 中的 memory.usage_in_bytes文件，但container_memory_working_set_bytes并没有具体的文件，他的计算逻辑在 cadvisor 的代码中，如下： container_memory_max_usage_bytes: source is Memory.MaxUsage, which - for cgroups v1 - gets its value from the memory.max_usage_in_bytes file; container_memory_working_set_bytes: source is Memory.WorkingSet, which - for cgroups v1 - is assigned the result of subtracting inactive_file inside the memory.stat file from the value inside the . sum(container_memory_working_set_bytes{name!~"POD"}) by (name) 上のクエリでは、誰かの名前を含む「POD」のコンテナを除外する必要があります。 これはこの . The image above shows the pod's container now tries to use 1000m (blue) but this is limited to 700m (yellow). memoryRssExceededPercentage [M] (gauge) — container's rss memory usage exceeded configured threshold % . long. The limit of swap space set Shown as byte: kubernetes.memory.requests (gauge) The requested memory Shown as byte: kubernetes.memory.usage (gauge) Current memory usage in bytes including all memory regardless of when it was accessed Shown as byte: kubernetes.memory.working_set (gauge) Current working set in bytes - this is what the OOM killer is . By default, these metrics are served under the /metrics HTTP endpoint. Metric used — container_memory_working_set_bytes. I check few k8s pod's and I saw that It can be smaller than node_namespace_pod_container:container_memory_rss or node_namespace_pod_container:container_memory_cache. From this . If I run the same image and the same PowerShell command on Windows Server 2016, I see 16GB of memory. If no limit is set, then the pods can use excess memory and CPU when available. When they both reach the limit set on the container, the OOMKiller kills the container and the process starts over. container_memory_usage_bytes == container_memory_rss + container_memory_cache + container_memory_kernel. Working set memory usage as a percentage of the defined limit for the container (or total node allocatable memory if unlimited) scaled_float. # value in Mib.