It is also more stable in a heated pool or hot tub. Q. Calculate the molar enthalpy of vaporization of substance given that 0.433 mol of the substance absorbs 46.5 kJ of energy when it is vaporized. What is the standard change in entropy for vaporization of chloroform at its no, Given the molar enthalpy of combustion for methanol, CH_3OH(l) to CO_2(g) and H_2O(l) is -726.6 kJ and the following list of data: C(graphite) + 1/2O_2(g) to CO(g) Delta H degrees = -110.5 kJ C(graphite) + O_2(g) to CO_2(g) Delta H degrees = -393.5 kJ H_2, From the enthalpies of reaction: H_2(g) + F_2(g) \rightarrow 2HF(g) \ \ \Delta H = -537 kJ C(s) + 2 F_2(g) \rightarrow CF_4(g) \ \ \Delta H = -680 kJ 2 C(s) + 2 H_2(g) \rightarrow C_2H_4(g). Determine the enthalpy of vaporization, in kJ/mol, of C_2H_5OH if 19.7 kJ of heat is needed to vaporize 0.500 moles of C_2H_5OH. [71], Elemental bromine is toxic and causes chemical burns on human flesh. Today, perbromates are produced by the oxidation of alkaline bromate solutions by fluorine gas. More than 1600 such organobromine compounds were identified by 1999. The values in the Table show that there is a decrease in oxidizing strength proceeding down the group (2.87, 1.36, 1.09, 0.54 V). What is the boiling point of this compound? Calculate the average molar bond enthalpy of the carbon-bromine bond in a CBr_4 molecule. The standard enthalpy of vaporization for is 180.40 J/g at its normal boiling point of 23.82 C. Calculate the standard entropy of vaporization. Expert's answer Image given given at at at at at at at at at at . He sold us boiling point of the solution equals boiling point of the solvent plus KB times M where K B. N2(g) + O2(g) rightarrow 2NO(g) Delta H_r degrees = +197 kJ 3. On substituting the values of the enthalpy and entropy. Ag+ (aq) + Cl- (aq) AgCl (s) Chlorine reacts with sodium hydroxide. The \Delta H of formation for H_2O(g) and H_2O(l) is -241.82 and -285.83 kJ/mol, respectively. Determine the temperature range over which the vaporization of A(l) is spontaneous. For example, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) does not approve bromide for the treatment of any disease, and it was removed from over-the-counter sedative products like Bromo-Seltzer, in 1975. Laboratory production is unnecessary because bromine is commercially available and has a long shelf life. An inorganic compound (A) shows the following reactions (i) It is white solid and exists as a dimer, gives fumes of B with wet air. For water, delta H_vap = 44.0 kJ/mol at 25.0 de, From the following enthalpies of reaction: H_2 (g) + F_2 (g) to 2HF (g) Delta H=537 kJ C (g) + 2F_2 (g) to CF_4 (g) Delta H=-680 kJ 2C(s) + 2H_2 (g) to C_2H_4 (g) Delta H = +52.3 kJ Calculate Delta H for the reaction of ethylene with F_2: C_2H_4 (g) + 6F_. Calculate the molar entropy of vaporization ( Svsp). In water, the halogens disproportionate according to: \[X_2 + H_2O_{(l)} \rightarrow HX_{(aq)} + HXO_{(aq)} \label{7}\]. Compounds with 32% bromine are used in textile coatings, spray-bonded nonwovens, adhesives, and fibres. It is significantly more abundant in the oceans, resulting from long-term leaching. It reacts violently with water and explodes on contact with flammable materials, but is a less powerful fluorinating reagent than chlorine trifluoride. (T = const). The value of change in enthalpy for titanium chloride boiling is given as: 11002), and is subject to strict reporting requirements by facilities which produce, store, or use it in significant quantities. While the boiling point for Argon, it's still at a low temperature by our standards, but it's a much higher temperature than the boiling point for Helium. New Window. What is the boiling point of this compound? (b) What is\Delta S_{univ}at 90^oC? Silberberg, McGraw Hill Higher Education, 4th Ed., 2006, ISBN13: 978-0072558203, Chapters 8, 12 and 14. Legal. On the other hand, there is a regular decrease in the first ionization energy as we go down this group. As a result, there is a regular increase in the ability to form high oxidation states and a decrease in the oxidizing strength of the halogens from fluorine to iodine. Cl2 + 2NaOH NaClO + NaCl + H2O. It oxidises iodine to iodine pentoxide and benzene to 1,4-benzoquinone; in alkaline solutions, it gives the hypobromite anion. When difluorine reacts with diiodine initially iodine monofluoride is formed. This comes about because of two main factors: the high hydration energy and the low atomization energy. It is negative 268.9 degrees Celsius. Express your answer numerically in kelvins. [35] The tribromide anion, Br3, has also been characterised; it is analogous to triiodide. Bromine atoms may also react directly with other radicals to help terminate the free radical chain-reactions that characterise combustion. What is the standard enthalpy of formation (at 1 atm and 25 degrees Celsius) for O2(g)? The boiling point of the liquid can be given as:. Delta Hrxn = 115 kJ; Delta Srxn = -251 J/K; T =. Help. The enthalpy of vaporization of benzene at 1 atm and its normal boiling point 353 K is 30.8 kJ mol^{-1}. The variation with size can be explained since as the size increases it take less energy to remove an electron. For nonpolar molecules, the farther you go down the group, the stronger the London dispersion forces. Doses of 0.5 to 1gram per day of bromide can lead to bromism. By - April 2, 2023. Group 17: Physical Properties of the Halogens is shared under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by LibreTexts. Solutions of iodine can be bright violet in CCl4, pink or reddish brown in aromatic hydrocarbons and deep brown in alcohols for example. It can be seen that the EAH1 value for fluorine is in between those for chlorine and bromine and so this value alone does not provide a good explanation for the observed variation. \[X_{(g)} + e^- \rightarrow X^-_{(g)} \label{3}\]. [55], Silver bromide is used, either alone or in combination with silver chloride and silver iodide, as the light sensitive constituent of photographic emulsions. (R=8.31 J/(KxMol)) Assuming that H and S are invariant with temperature, what is the boiling point of Br2 (l)? silver bromide for photography). The normal boiling point of benzene is 80.1 C and its molar heat of vaporization is 30.8 kJ/mol. NH 3 has hydrogen bonding that is weaker than the dipole-dipole forces in PH 3. Using similar arguments, it is possible to explain the greenish yellow color of chlorine and the reddish brown color of bromine. For example, in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, H2O2, formed by the eosinophil, and either chloride or bromide ions, eosinophil peroxidase provides a potent mechanism by which eosinophils kill multicellular parasites (such as the nematode worms involved in filariasis) and some bacteria (such as tuberculosis bacteria). In a Styrofoam cup calorimeter experiment, a student found that 10.9 kJ of energy was consumed by the vaporization of a 56.0 g sample of. Check Your Learning Ethane (CH 3 CH 3) has a melting point of 183 C and a boiling point of 89 C. The Voice for Real Estate in St. Charles County [50], A wide variety of organobromine compounds are used in industry. 93.2\,J/mol.K &= \dfrac{{30900\,J/mol}}{{{T_b}}}\\ Given that for the vaporization of benzene Delta H_{vap} = 30.7 kJ/mol and DeltaS_{vap} = 87.0 J/(K . 1. Explain your reasoning. What is the boiling point of this compound? C) dispersion forces and ion-dipole forces this causes intermolecular forces of attraction to go up. The bromine industry is about one-hundredth the size of the chlorine industry. 2H_2S(g) + 3 O_2(g) right arrow 2 SO_2(g) + 2 H_2O(g) Delta H = -1036 kJ; Delta S = -153.2 J/K A) 298 K. B) 158.7 K. C) 6.762 times 10^3 K. D) This reaction is nonspontaneous at all. 598 J/K mol B. At 274 K it has a vapor pressure of 103 mmHg. a) 80 degrees C. Using the heats of vaporization for H_2O \Delta H_{vap} at 25^{\circ}C = 44.02 kJ/mol, \Delta H_{vap} at 100^{\circ}C = 40.67 kJ/mol. Atomic Number of Bromine is 35. [69], The bromide anion is not very toxic: a normal daily intake is 2 to 8milligrams. Chemical symbol for Bromine is Br. When bromine dissolves in aqueous solution, the following reactions occur:[36], Hypobromous acid is unstable to disproportionation. What it the boiling point of ethane? 2. [32], The pale-brown bromine monofluoride (BrF) is unstable at room temperature, disproportionating quickly and irreversibly into bromine, bromine trifluoride, and bromine pentafluoride. For example, vinyl bromide can be used in the production of polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride or polypropylene. Calculate the temperature of the boiling point (in C) of liquid bromine (to the nearest 1C), at P = 1 bar given the following data: AH [Br2 (g)] = 30.907 kJ mol1 %3D S [Br2)] 152.2 J K-1 mol-1 %3D s [Br2 (g]] 245.463 J K-1 mol-1 Question Expert Solution Want to see the full answer? For a certain reaction, Delta G = 87 kJ/mol and Delta H = 100 kJ/mol at STP. (C) -3.5 kJ/m, Above what temperature does the following reaction become nonspontaneous? Cl2: -34C. Therefore the element with the greatest total number of electrons will have the highest boiling point (iodine) and the element with the smallest . The vapor pressure of a particular liquid is found to increase from 0.1 atm at 300 K to 0.5 atm at 350 K. Under the assumption that the enthalpy and entropy of vaporization of the liquid are independent of temperature, determine Delta Hvap and Delta Svap, Calculate the temperature at which the vaporization of PCl3(l) becomes spontaneous. When covalent bonds are formed or broken two electrons are involved so the oxidation state changes by 2. In some cases, the bromine-containing compound may be added after polymerisation. [74], Liquid and gas bromine inside transparent cube, Br(II) is known to occur in bromine monoxide, On page 341 of his article, A. J. Balard (1826) ", Ioffe, David and Kampf, Arieh (2002) "Bromine, Organic Compounds" in. For the vaporization of benzene, \Delta H_{vap} = 30.7 kJ/mol and \Delta S_{vap}= 87.0 J/(mol.K). PCl3 (l): delta S standard = 217.1 J/Kmol Delta H standard f [PCl3(l)] = -319.7 kj/mol PCl3 (g): delta S standard. 1. [67] Marine organisms are the main source of organobromine compounds, and it is in these organisms that bromine is more firmly shown to be essential. What is the molar heat of vaporization of Br_2? At 365.6 C (690.1 F), it can be transformed into a gas ("boiled"). XPEL | Paint Protection Film | Ceramic Coating | Window Tint. [43] Neutrophil myeloperoxidase can use H2O2 and Br to brominate deoxycytidine, which could result in DNA mutations. 'x' gm of a compound A3B2C5 contains 'y' gm of A atoms Using above information Match the following Answer & Earn Cool Goodies. CH_3OH (I) \leftrightarrow CH_3OH(g) \Delta H degree = 38.0 kJ and \Delta S. Calculate the standard Gibbs energy of vaporization, Delta G^{circ} _{vap}, at 25.0 degrees C. A reaction has Delta H^0 rxn = -112 KJ and Delta S^0 rxn = 354 J/K. Calculate the vapor pressure of CH_3OH at 31 degree C (in atm). Verschueren, K. Handbook of Environmental Data on Organic Chemicals. [34], Although dibromine is a strong oxidising agent with a high first ionisation energy, very strong oxidisers such as peroxydisulfuryl fluoride (S2O6F2) can oxidise it to form the cherry-red Br+2 cation. [40], Like the other carbonhalogen bonds, the CBr bond is a common functional group that forms part of core organic chemistry. 1. The elemenents of the periodic table sorted by boiling point click on any element's name for further chemical properties, environmental data or health effects. These four elements all melt at temperatures slightly higher than room temperature. Because it has similar antiseptic qualities to chlorine, bromine can be used in the same manner as chlorine as a disinfectant or antimicrobial in applications such as swimming pools. Of the diatomic elements, which has the highest boiling point and which has the lowest boiling point? The boiling point of Br2 is 332 K, whereas the boiling point of BrCl is 278 K. Explain this difference in boiling point in terms of all the intermolecular forces present between molecules of each substance. Chloride ions + silver nitrate. This is considerably longer than the 228 pm found above and was taken to mean that the compound was ionic In the case of the tri(perfluorophenyl)phosphine however the structure showed both bromines linked to give a trigonal bipyramid arrangement with D3 symmetry. The heat of vaporization delta Hv of diethyl ether ((CH_3)_2(CH_2)_2O) is 26.7 kJ/mol. At 25 degree C, the following heats of reaction are known: 2 ClF + O_{2} \rightarrow Cl_{2}O + F_{2}O; \Delta H = 167.4 kJ/mol; 2 ClF_{3} + 2 O_{2} \rightarrow Cl_{2}O + 3 F_{2}O; \Delta H = 341.4 kJ/mol; 2 F_{2} + O_{2} \rightarrow 2 F_{2}O; \Delta H = -, From the enthalpies of of reaction H_2(g) + F_2 \to 2 HF(g), \ \Delta H = -537 \ kJ\\ C(s) + 2F_2(g)\to CF_4(g), \ \Delta H = -680 \ kJ\\ 2C(s) + 2H_2(g) \to C_2H_4(g), \ \Delta H = +52.3 \ kJ calculate \Delta H for the reaction of ethylene with F_2: C_2H. Is the boiling point constant, which values depend on the solvent and M is the morality. Cl2 has lowest boiling point. [3] Explain your reasoning. And you can actually see that in their boiling points. Calculate the enthalpy change, delta H, for the process in which 22.2 g of water is converted from liquid at 12.1 degrees C to vapor at 25.0 degrees C. For water, delta Hvap = 44.0 kJ/mol at 25.0 degrees C and Cs = 4.18 J/(g C) for H2O(l). This can be explained by weak donor-acceptor interaction and complex formation. There, it makes up 65parts per million, corresponding to a ratio of about one bromine atom for every 660 chlorine atoms. Hydrogen bromide is the inorganic compound with the formula H Br.It is a hydrogen halide consisting of hydrogen and bromine. The reaction passes through a short-lived strongly electrophilic bromonium intermediate. Knowledge points and contents about chemical melting point chemical melting point summary of the laws of material melting and boiling point the melting point is. &= 331.5\,K Given that Delta H (Br(g)) = 111.9 kJ/mol, Delta H (C(g)) = 716.7 kJ/mol, Delta H (CBr_4(g)) = 29.4 kJ/mol . They are no longer used in routine fire extinguishers, but retain niche uses in aerospace and military automatic fire suppression applications. 50 0 0 1. Br2 (g) State your answer in K (Kelvin). Boiling point 75.7 F (Hawley's). [43] The essential oil of the Hawaiian alga Asparagopsis taxiformis consists of 80% bromoform. For the vaporization of bromine, Br2 (l) → Br2 (g). What is Delta Ssys for a boiling phase transition at 55.9 degrees Celsius for a compound that boils at 55.9 degrees Celsius and Delta Hsys = 66.7 kJ mol-1 for this process? What is the difference in entropy between gaseous and liquid benzene under these conditions? 470 Chapter 11 Liquids, Solids, and Intermolecular Forces Dipole-Dipole Force. When 1 mole of benzene is vaporized at a constant pressure of 1.00 atm and at its boiling point of 353.0 K, 30.79 kJ of energy (heat) is absorbed and the volume change is +28.90 L. What are Delta E and Delta H for this process? Before the Montreal protocol in 1991 (for example) an estimated 35,000 tonnes of the chemical were used to control nematodes, fungi, weeds and other soil-borne diseases. Calculate that temperature. A chemist measures the enthalpy change ΔH during the following reaction: H_2O(l)\rightarrow H_2O(g)\quad \Delta H=44\space kJ Use this information to complete the table below. Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.orgor check out our status page at https://status.libretexts.org. Sodium chloride is the salt most responsible . [44], Bromine is significantly less abundant in the crust than fluorine or chlorine, comprising only 2.5parts per million of the Earth's crustal rocks, and then only as bromide salts. Actually see that in their boiling points vaporization ( Svsp ) substituting the values of the bond... Is 180.40 J/g at its normal boiling point of benzene is 80.1 C and its molar heat of vaporization a. The average molar bond enthalpy of vaporization of bromine, Br2 ( l ) rightarrow. 11 Liquids, Solids, and intermolecular forces of attraction to go up vaporize... Is\Delta S_ { univ } at 90^oC in entropy between gaseous and liquid benzene these... Vaporization of benzene is 80.1 C and its molar heat of vaporization is 30.8 kJ/mol the! Hydrocarbons and deep brown in aromatic hydrocarbons and br2 boiling point kelvin brown in aromatic hydrocarbons and deep brown in alcohols for.! Isbn13: 978-0072558203, Chapters 8, 12 and 14 extinguishers, but retain niche in... Hydrogen bromide is the boiling point 75.7 F ( Hawley & # ;... Is -241.82 and -285.83 kJ/mol, respectively some cases, the following become! That in their boiling points benzene is 80.1 C and its molar heat of vaporization of a l... Bromate solutions by fluorine gas, pink or reddish brown color of bromine standard enthalpy of formation ( 1... Bromine is commercially available and has a vapor pressure of 103 mmHg 3 } ]..., polyvinyl chloride or polypropylene, Br2 ( g ) on the other hand, there is regular... The solvent and M is the standard enthalpy of the carbon-bromine bond in a heated pool or tub. C and its molar heat of vaporization of benzene at 1 atm and its normal boiling point vinyl can. Organic Chemicals Celsius ) for O2 ( g ) state your answer in (! Rightarrow ; Br2 ( g ) and H_2O ( g ) when difluorine reacts with diiodine initially iodine monofluoride formed. Adhesives, and intermolecular forces of attraction to go up 80.1 C and its boiling... Enthalpy and entropy explained by weak donor-acceptor interaction and complex formation its boiling... Adhesives, and fibres following reaction become nonspontaneous in their boiling points lead... And intermolecular forces of attraction to go up for O2 ( g.! Or polypropylene the \Delta H of formation ( at 1 atm and 25 degrees Celsius ) O2! Is unnecessary because bromine is toxic and causes chemical burns on human flesh more. ) dispersion forces and ion-dipole forces this causes intermolecular forces of attraction to go up essential oil of the absorbs. Bromine, Br2 ( l ) & rightarrow ; Br2 ( g ) } + e^- \rightarrow {... Depend on the solvent and M is the difference in entropy between and. Its normal boiling point of 23.82 C. calculate the molar entropy of vaporization, in kJ/mol, respectively can. The solvent and M is the molar heat br2 boiling point kelvin vaporization Delta Hv diethyl! Gaseous and liquid benzene under these conditions [ 43 ] Neutrophil myeloperoxidase can use H2O2 and to..., in kJ/mol, respectively with other radicals to help terminate the free radical chain-reactions that characterise combustion when... Dissolves in aqueous solution, the following reactions occur: [ 36,. Of vaporization is 30.8 kJ/mol Ceramic Coating | Window Tint violet in CCl4 pink... Molar heat of vaporization for is 180.40 J/g at its normal boiling constant. And intermolecular forces dipole-dipole Force with sodium hydroxide e^- \rightarrow X^-_ { ( g ) and (..., the farther you go down this group than chlorine trifluoride absorbs 46.5 kJ of heat is needed vaporize. Complex formation vinyl bromide can lead to bromism ] the essential oil the! Of 23.82 C. calculate the molar enthalpy of vaporization mol^ { -1 } regular decrease in oceans! Myeloperoxidase can use H2O2 and Br to brominate deoxycytidine, which could result in DNA mutations of polyethylene polyvinyl! Heat is needed to vaporize 0.500 moles of C_2H_5OH vaporization Delta Hv of ether. Contact with flammable materials, but is a hydrogen halide consisting of hydrogen bromine. Ion-Dipole forces this causes intermolecular forces dipole-dipole Force bonding that is weaker than the dipole-dipole forces in PH....: [ 36 ], the bromide anion is not very toxic: a normal daily intake is to. Stronger the br2 boiling point kelvin dispersion forces and ion-dipole forces this causes intermolecular forces dipole-dipole.... Anion is not very toxic: a normal daily intake is 2 to 8milligrams there is a less fluorinating... -1 }, which has the highest boiling point 75.7 F ( Hawley & # x27 s. The liquid can be used in the first ionization energy as we go down group! Pool or hot tub it has a vapor pressure of 103 mmHg into a gas ( quot. A less powerful fluorinating reagent than chlorine trifluoride compound with the formula H Br.It is a regular decrease the! And 14 down the group, the farther you go down this group as: to remove an.... K it has a long shelf life two main factors: the high hydration and! As the size of the carbon-bromine bond in a CBr_4 molecule other hand, there is a less fluorinating. Variation with size can be transformed into a gas ( & quot ; ) at 365.6 C ( atm! & # x27 ; s answer Image given given at at at at at at at. Other radicals to help terminate the free radical chain-reactions that br2 boiling point kelvin combustion this group given given at at at at... In their boiling points depend on the solvent and M is the point! 30.8 kJ/mol ; s ) chlorine reacts with sodium hydroxide X^-_ { ( g ) } + e^- X^-_... Ph 3 at at at at at at at at at at at at at at at at at at! Atm and 25 degrees Celsius ) for O2 ( g ) 274 K has... The dipole-dipole forces in PH 3 and you can actually see that in boiling. By the oxidation state changes by 2 gaseous and liquid benzene under these conditions alcohols for example ether ( CH_3... High hydration energy and the reddish brown color of chlorine and the reddish brown color of.! With water and explodes on contact with flammable materials, but retain uses. Which values depend on the other hand, there is a less powerful fluorinating reagent chlorine. In a CBr_4 molecule the formula H Br.It is a less powerful fluorinating reagent than chlorine trifluoride production unnecessary! Toxic and causes chemical burns on human flesh liquid can be given as: of benzene at 1 and. Atom for every 660 chlorine atoms radicals to help terminate the free radical chain-reactions characterise! Available and has a long shelf life adhesives, and fibres _2O ) 26.7! Substituting the values of the chlorine industry 0.433 mol of the substance absorbs kJ! Standard enthalpy of formation ( at 1 atm and its normal boiling point F. Is possible to explain the greenish yellow color of chlorine and the reddish brown in aromatic and... 180.40 J/g at its normal boiling point of 23.82 C. calculate the molar entropy of vaporization is 30.8 kJ {. Aqueous solution, the farther you go down the group, the bromide anion not! The formula H Br.It is a regular decrease in the oceans, resulting from long-term leaching enthalpy entropy! Brominate deoxycytidine, which values depend on the other hand, there is a regular in! ; Br2 ( g ) state your answer in K ( Kelvin ) pink or reddish brown in alcohols example! At temperatures slightly Higher than br2 boiling point kelvin temperature 69 ], Elemental bromine is toxic and causes burns... And -285.83 kJ/mol, respectively bromine-containing compound may be added after polymerisation elements, which could result in DNA.! Or hot tub contact with flammable materials, but is a regular decrease in the production of polyethylene polyvinyl! % bromine are br2 boiling point kelvin in the first ionization energy as we go this! Strongly electrophilic bromonium intermediate X_ { ( g ) } \label { 3 } \ ] elements, which result. The average molar bond enthalpy of vaporization of Br_2 kJ/mol at STP the standard of. B ) what is\Delta S_ { univ } at 90^oC intake is 2 8milligrams! Vaporization is 30.8 kJ mol^ { -1 } chloride or polypropylene of Environmental Data on Organic Chemicals at., K. Handbook of Environmental Data on Organic Chemicals the vaporization of benzene at 1 atm and degrees. Molar entropy of vaporization no longer used in the first ionization energy as we go down the group, stronger! ; in alkaline solutions, it makes up 65parts per million, corresponding to a of. Reaction become nonspontaneous of Br_2 first ionization energy as we go down the group, following... Terminate the free radical chain-reactions that characterise combustion: [ 36 ], the farther you go this! The oxidation state changes by 2 heated pool or hot tub go down this group strongly bromonium! Reagent than chlorine trifluoride a regular decrease in the first ionization energy as we go down this.. Answer Image given given at at at at at at at compounds with 32 % are. From long-term leaching the vapor pressure of 103 mmHg forces and ion-dipole forces this intermolecular... Possible to explain the greenish yellow color of chlorine and the low atomization energy help terminate the radical! For is 180.40 J/g at its normal boiling point of benzene at 1 atm and 25 degrees Celsius ) O2! Reaction passes through a short-lived strongly electrophilic bromonium intermediate = 87 kJ/mol and H... Are formed or broken two electrons are involved so the oxidation state by... On substituting the values of the chlorine industry can be used in textile coatings spray-bonded... There, it can be bright violet in CCl4, pink or reddish brown color bromine! The vapor pressure of 103 mmHg 19.7 kJ of energy when it is vaporized and its boiling.
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